Subcategories

Unit 1 — Power, Conflict, and the 20th Century

From the alliance system of 1914 through World War II and into the global Cold War and decolonization.

Unit 2 — Global Economic Systems

Markets, macro indicators, trade, inequality, and the environmental externalities reshaping the global economy.

Unit 3 — Migration, Identity, and Cultural Exchange

Migration as system and experience: who moves and why, the diasporas history has produced, and how societies receive newcomers.

Unit 4 — Human Rights, Justice, and Governance

The rights tradition, its institutions and enforcement gaps, the hardest cases where rights conflict, and how societies recover after large-scale violations.